BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES : CONDITIONAL REPORTED SPEECH PASSIVE VOICE....

BACCALAUREATE EXAM EXERCISES

CORRECTION

REWRITE THE SENTENCES AS SUGGESTED

1. The local police are chasing criminals everywhere.
Criminals ARE BEING CHASED everywhere by the local police.

EXPLANATION:

This is a passive transformation.
“THE LOCAL POLICE” is the subject of the active sentence.
“CRIMINALS” is the object.
The passive needs to reverse the order of the subject and the object, to introduce a form of the verb “BE”
and to change the active verb into a past participle.
“ARE CHASING” is the verb and it’s in the present continuous.
In the passive, the present continuous changes as follows:
“ IS DOING / ARE DOING” changes into “ IS BEING DONE / ARE BEING DONE.”
“ARE CHASING” would change into “IS BEING CHASED / ARE BEING CHASED” and since the new subject is plural “CRIMINALS”, the verb “BE” must concord with its subject hence “ARE BEING CHASED.”

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

2. "I pressed the brake a little bit late and hit the lamp post", the driver told the police.
The driver admitted that he HAD PRESSED the brake a little late and HAD HIT the lamp post.

EXPLANTION

This is a reported speech transformation.
When reporting someone else’s words there always must be a tense shift into the past mainly when the reporting verb is in the past.

GO BACK TO YOUR REPORTED SPEECH LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION.

3. Last week, the car stopped as the driver ran out of petrol.
If the driver HAD NOT RUN OUT OF petrol last week, the car WOULD NOT HAVE STOPPED.

EXPLANATION

This a conditional type 3 transformation.
Since the time context in the original sentence / in the context / in the real situation is past, automatically we need conditional type 3.
The grammatical rule for conditional type 3 is: if + past perfect==== would have / could have / might have + past participle.
Conditional type 3 is unreal / imaginary and contrary to facts.
Both verbs in the context / in the real situation are positive / affirmative, so in the imagined / unreal conditional sentence they should become negative.

GO BACK TO YOUR CONDINAL TYPE 3 LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION.

4. The doctor will have to examine the patient before the operation.
The patient WILL HAVE TO BE EXAMINED before the operation.

EXPLANATION

This is again a passive transformation but with the verb must in the future: WILL HAVE TO
Any verb preceded by “TO” should be in the infinitive with few exceptions. The verb of the active
“ EXAMINE” is the infinitive, so “BE” needed by the passive transformation should also be in the infinitive because as a general rule of the passive “BE” takes the tense of the verb in the active.

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

5. Unemployment is high because industry is heavily automated.
If INDUSTRY WERE NOT heavily automated, unemployment WOULD NOT BE high.

EXPLANATION

This a conditional type 2 transformation.
Since the time context in the original sentence / in the context / in the real situation is present,
automatically we need conditional type 2.
The grammatical rule for conditional type 2 is: if + simple past==== would / could / might + verb (infinitive without to)
Conditional type 2 is unreal / imaginary and contrary to facts.
Both verbs in the context / in the real situation are positive / affirmative, so in the imagined / unreal conditional sentence they should become negative.

GO BACK TO YOUR CONDINAL TYPE 2 LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION.

6. "You should avoid junk food and eat more fiber."
The doctor advised the patient TO AVOID junk food and TO EAT more fiber

EXPLANATION

This is a reported speech transformation.
Since the idea / the notion of advice is expressed by the sentence “YOU SHOULD…”, the reporting verb then should be “ADVISE”. And we generally say “TO ADVISE SOMEONE TO DO / NOT TO DO SOMETHING.”

GO BACK TO YOUR REPORTING VERBS LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION.

7. You need a passport and a visa to enter the States.
Not only DO you NEEED a passport to enter the States, BUT ALSO a visa.
…………………………………,BUT a visa AS WELL.
…………………………………..,BUT you ALSO NEED a visa.
…………………………………..,BUT you NEED a visa AS WELL.

EXPLANATION

As we saw in class, “NOT ONLY” is used to express addition, adding one item to another, one idea to another.
But there is a somehow small transformation when “NOT ONLY” is in initial position / when it begins the sentences.
An “AUXILIARY” is needed on top of an inversion.
When the verb is in the present tense, “DO / DOES” are needed.
When the verb is in the simple past, “DID” is needed.
When the verb is in the future, “WILL” is needed and so forth.
The “AUXILIARY” verbs are: “IS / ARE / WAS / WERE / HAVE / HAS…..”

GO BACK TO YOUR LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION.

8. " I managed to get through the customs without a passport." The man said.
The man told his companion that he HAD MANAGED TO GET…………..
EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR REPORTED SPEECH LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

9. They may organise a conference on immigration soon.
A conference on immigration MAY BE ORGANISED soon.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION


10. I got up late so I missed the bus.
If I HAD NOT GOT UP late, I WOULD NOT HAVE MISSED the bus.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR CONDINAL TYPE 3 LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION.

11. People shouldn't throw away garbage in the streets.
Garbage SHOULD NOT BE THROWN AWAY…….

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

12. Karim not only likes the cinema, but he also enjoys the theatre.
Not only DOES Karim LIKE the cinema, BUT he ENJOYS the theatre AS WELL
…………………………………………., BUT he ALSO enjoys the theatre.

The verb in this sentence is “LIKES” and the “AUXILIARY” for the present tense is in this case “DOES” and not “DO”.
The third person marker “S” is dropped because we have it in the “AUXILIARY” “DOES”

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

13. "I stayed at home all day last Sunday because the weather was terribly bad."
Brahim told Allen.
"Since THE WEATHER WAS TERRIBLY BAD, I STAYED AT HOME ALL DAY….. " he said.

EXPLANATION

This a “CAUSE / EFFECT” transformation.
The cause is “THE WEATHER BEING TERRIBLE” and the effect is “STAYING AT HOME ALL DAY.”

GO BACK TO YOUR LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

14. "They took my mother to a hospital in London," Sally told her neighbour.
"My mother WAS TAKEN……." she told her.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

15. They didn't ask for international help, the whole forest caught fire.
If they HAD ASKED….., the whole forest WOULD NOT HAVE CAUGHT fire.

EXPLANATION

The first verb in the first clause, which is the cause, is negative “DIDN’T ASK”, in the conditional transformation it becomes positive / affirmative “HAD ASKED”. And the verb in the second clause,
Which is the effect, is positive / affirmative “CAUGHT” , in the conditional transformation it becomes negative.

GO BACK TO YOUR CONDINAL TYPE 3 LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION.

16. "Greenpeace fights to protect nature. It also protects animals.
Not only DOES Greenpeace FIGHT………….

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

17. They should find a solution to the problem.
A solution TO THE PROBLEM SHOULD BE FOUND.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

18. The athlete didn't train enough last year. So, he lost the race.
If the athlete HAD TRAINED ……., he WOULD NOT HAVE LOST the race.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR CONDINAL TYPE 3 LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION.

19. "If you don't stop eating sweets, your teeth will decay," She said to her son.;
The mother warned her son IF HE DID NOT STOP EATING sweets, HIS teeth WOULD DECAY.

EXPLANATION

This a reported speech transformation.
The sentence is in “CONDITIONAL TYPE 1” , so it is transformed into “CONDITIONAL TYPE 2”

GO BACK TO YOUR CONDINAL / REPORTED SPEECH LESSONS FOR MORE INFORMATION

20. They have signed an agreement to build new stadiums.
An agreement TO BUILD NEW STADIUMS HAS BEEN SIGNED.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

21. 'I have never seen such a great invention'
Paul said that he HAD NEVER SEEN……….

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR REPORTED SPEECH LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

22. Kennedy did not listen to his secretary's advice. He was shot.
If Kennedy HAD LISTENED…….., he WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN SHOT.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR CONDINAL TYPE 3 LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

23. She went quietly into the room. She did not want to wake her parents up.
She went quietly into the room so that SHE WOULD NOT WAKE her parents up.

EXPLANATION

This a “PURPOSE” transformation.
Purpose is expressed in many ways.
1- “TO” / “SO AS TO” / “IN ORDER TO”== This is for the infinitive of purpose
2- “SO THAT” / “IN ORDER THAT”== This is for the clauses of purpose.
Clauses of purpose need the “AUXILIRIES” “ CAN / WILL” if the time context in the original sentence is present or future and they need “COULD / WOULD” if the time context is past as in our example here.

GO BACK TO YOUR PURPOSE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

24. Brahim should send his job application before the deadline.
The job application SHOULD BE SENT……..

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

25. They gave the thief a fair trial and sent him to prison.
The thief WAS GIVEN…….and WAS SENT……

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

26. Somebody can't have shut the windows properly.
The windows CANNOT HAVE BEEN SHUT……

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

27."If you don't drive carefully, you'll have an accident", she warned me.
She warned me that IF I DID NOT DRIVE carefully, I WOULD HAVE an accident.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR CONDINAL / REPORTED SPEECH LESSONS FOR MORE INFORMATION

28. We pollute the world because our environmental education is weak.
If OUR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION WERE / WAS NOT weak, we WOULD NOT POLLUTE the world.


EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR CONDINAL TYPE 2 LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

29. We produce a lot of waste and we don't recycle it.
A lot of WASTE IS PRODUCED and IT IS NOT RECYCLED.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

30. We damage the environment and we are not aware of it.
Not only DO WE DAMAGE the environment, BUT we are not aware of it AS WELL.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

31. "Bill didn't arrive at school in lime, so he missed the first part of the lesson," Bill's teacher said.
"If Bill HAD ARRIVED …….., he WOULD NOT HAVE MISSED the lesson," he said.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR CONDINAL / REPORTED SPEECH LESSONS FOR MORE INFORMATION

32. They moved to a small village. They wanted to breathe pure air.
They moved to a small village so that THEY COULD / WOULD BREATHE pure air.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR PURPOSE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

33. I won't take a holiday abroad because I don't have a passport.
If I HAD ………., I WOULD TAKE …….

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR CONDINAL TYPE 2 LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

34. It's not necessary to spend a sleepless night. You still have two more days for revision.
You NEEDN’T / DON’T HAVE TO / DON’T NEED TO SPEND a sleepless night.You stil……..

EXPLANATION

This sentence expresses “LACK / ABSENCE OF OBLIGATION-NECEESITY”

GO BACK TO YOUR MODAL AUXILIARIES LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION.
35."I have never taken drugs in my life".
The young man confessed to the police that he HAD NEVER TAKEN drugs in his life.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR REPORTED SPEECH LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

36. Pollution from oil destroys sea plants and kills shellfish.
Not only DOES pollution from oil DESTROY sea plants, BUT it ALSO kills shelfish.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR LINKING WORDS / CONNECTORS LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

37.We can use aspirin to treat certain types of heart diseases.
Aspirin CAN BE USED TO TREAT……..

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

38. Hydrocarbon is toxic.
Environmentalists described hydrocarbon AS toxic.

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR REPORTING VERBS LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION

39. You should do these exercises without cheating.
These exercises SHOULD BE DONE…………….

EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR PASSIVE VOICE LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION


40. I prepared well for the test. So I did all the exercises correctly.
If I HAD NOT PREPARED WELL……, I WOULD NOT HAVE DONE……..


EXPLANATION

GO BACK TO YOUR CONDINAL TYPE 3 LESSON FOR MORE INFORMATION